Invention of Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

Born
March 3, 1847Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Died
August 2, 1922 (aged 75)Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, Canada

Bell speaking into prototype

model of the telephone

Cause of death
Diabetes
Education
University of EdinburghUniversity College London
Occupation
Inventor, Scientist, Engineer, Professor (Boston University), Teacher of the Deaf
Known for
Inventor of the telephone
Spouse(s)
Mabel Hubbard(married 1877–1922)
Children
(4) Two sons who died in infancy and two daughters
Parents
Alexander Melville BellEliza Grace Symonds Bell
Relatives
Gardiner Greene Hubbard (father-in-law)Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (son-in-law)Melville Bell Grosvenor (grandson)
Signature


Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.
Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. In 1888, Alexander Graham Bell became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society.

Invention of The Telephone


Bell speaking into prototype model of the telephone
The modern telephone is the culmination of work done by many individuals, all worthy of recognition for their contributions to the field. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent the telephone, an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically", after experimenting with many primitive sound transmitters and receivers. However, the history of the invention of the telephone is a confusing collection of claims and counterclaims, made no less confusing by the many lawsuits which attempted to resolve the patent claims of several individuals.

I think invention of telephone is one of the most important events in history. Communication takes a huge place in our lives and telephone is a really easiness to communicate our friends and our family. It's really necessary for us especially in some situations. For example, if we want to talk to somebody who live in a foreign country it becomes easier to reach them. Telephone is just like a part of us. Almost,we can not live without it. It is like that for most people. This situation shows the importance of telephone for everyone. CANSU ÖZDEMİR

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted two atomic bombings against Japan in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
After six months of intense strategic fire-bombing of 67 Japanese cities the Hirohito regime ignored an ultimatum given by the Potsdam Declaration. By executive order of President Harry S. Truman the U.S. dropped the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed by the detonation of "Fat Man" over Nagasaki on August 9. These are the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.
Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. The Hiroshima prefectural health department estimates that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes. During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness. A plausible estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15–20% died from radiation sickness, 20–30% from flash burns, and 50–60% from other injuries, compounded by illness.Since then, more have died from leukemia (231 observed) and solid cancers (334 observed) attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs.[ In both cities, most of the dead were civilians.
Six days after the detonation over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially ending the Pacific War and therefore World War II. Germany had signed its unavoidable Instrument of Surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe. The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles, forbidding the nation from nuclear armament.
The role of the bombings in Japan's surrender and the U.S.'s ethical justification for them is still debated.

I think this event is the biggest war crime in all over the world.Thousands of people died because of the people who want to show their power .Also,effects of this bomb are horrible.Lots of babies borned disabled and any flowers blossemed in these cities,people couldnt raise any plants.This is unacceptable and the people who did this are still free.What a fair word

TROJAN WAR

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta. The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology and was narrated in many works of Greek literature, including the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer. "The Iliad" relates a part of the last year of the siege of Troy, while the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the Achaean leaders. Other parts of the war were told in a cycle of epic poems, which has only survived in fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets like Virgil and Ovid.
The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord, gave them a golden apple, sometimes known as the Apple of Discord, marked "for the fairest". Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged that Aphrodite, as the "fairest", should receive the apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen, the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love with Paris, who took her to Troy. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and the brother of Helen's husband Menelaus, led an expedition of Achaean troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris' insult. After the deaths of many heroes, including the Achaeans Achilles and Ajax, and the Trojans Hector and Paris, the city fell to the ruse of the Trojan Horse. The Achaeans slaughtered the Trojans (except for some of the women and children whom they kept or sold as slaves) and desecrated the temples, thus earning the gods' wrath. Few of the Achaeans returned safely to their homes and many founded colonies in distant shores. The Romans later traced their origin to Aeneas

, one of the Trojans, who was said to have led the surviving Trojans to modern day Italy.
The Ancient Greeks thought the Trojan War was a historical event that had taken place in the 13th or 12th century BC, and believed that Troy was located in modern day Turkey near the Dardanelles. By modern times both the war and the city were widely believed to be non-historical. In 1870, however, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a site in this area which he identified as Troy; this claim is nowadays accepted by most scholars. Whether there is any historical reality behind the Trojan War is an open question. Many scholars believe that there is a historical core to the tale, though this may simply mean that the Homeric stories are a fusion of various tales of sieges and expeditions by Mycenaean Greeks during the Bronze Age. Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War derive from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194–1184 BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa.

This war is very interesting to be because Greeks won with monkey business. They left a wooden horse for a present to Troy people. However they hide soldier in it. Therefore they won the war with cheats. This show Greek people 's disloyality, underbred and too awful but smartness. Even they use Troy's tolerance, it was a very good plan. Eating the right to kill the hero. Also there were many heros in that war and they are all legends now. That is also another reason why i find this war very interesting

Invention of airplane

-The American brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright , inspired by Lilienthal, decided in 1899 to master gliding before attempting powered flight.
-First, for a few months, the Wrights built and flew several kites, testing and perfecting their new ideas about a flight control system
-In 1900, they used this system on a man-carrying glider for the first time. Before they risked their own necks, they flew the glider as a kite, controlling it from the ground.
-They flew three biplane (has two wings, one above the other) gliders from the sand-hills near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, and by 1902 had developed a fully practical biplane glider.
-Their great innovation was that their glider could have been balanced and controlled in every direction, by combining the actions of warping (twisting) the wings and turning the rudder for lateral control, and by using a device called an elevator for up and down movements without any need for the pilot to swing his torso and legs in order to control the flight direction. All flight control today has developed from this 1902 Wright glider.
-After mastering gliding they developed a biplane with a 12 horsepower engine and two propellers and made the world’s first true powered, sustained and controlled flight on 17 December 1903, this flight lasted for 59 seconds...
-But only in 1905 they had the world first practical plane, which could be banked, turned, circled and flown easily for an half an hour at a time.
-Though the Wright brothers were not the first to fly a heavier-than-air machine, their control system enabled the development of a practical and reliable airplane.
___Why invention of airplane is important___

-The invention of the airplane was a fundamental turning point in history. It redefined the way in which the U.S. fought its wars, revolutionized travel and commerce, fueled the process of technological change, and helped to shape a world in which the very survival of a nation would depend on its scientific and technical prowess.
-Beyond all of that, flight remains one of the most stunning and magnificent human achievements. For millennia, the notion of taking to the sky was regarded as the very definition of the impossible. “If God had intended for human beings to fly,” it was said, “he would have given us wings.” Instead, we built wings for ourselves, and forever expanded our vision of the possible. The centennial of that event is surely worth commemorating.


Due to development of technology , humanity wants to reach everything. Even people dont have their own imaginations because everything is invented by people. people want to go to distant country little time so people use this airplane transportion for economy for humanity...

INVENTION OF TELEPHONE

The telephone is the most popular and widely used means of communication, and has literally changed the world and made it smaller.The invention of the telephone has made our lives much easier. Before the telephone was invented people use to communicate by fire or a light from a torch.

The invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. Telephone is from the two Greek words, 'tele' meaning 'far' and 'phone' meaning 'sound'.

The telephone is a wonderful invention. Since it was first introduced into the marketplace it has made a world of difference in many people's lives.Within a year, thousands of people in America owned telephones.

The first telephone was a very large rotary type device. Nowadays you can find telephones as small as the palm of your hand or even smaller - enter the cell phone. Today, the telephone is affordable to almost everyone. This device is no longer a luxury.Everyone knows that you can not contact another people without telephone.Therefore,telephone is very important for our life.

I think telephone is the most big invention for humanity.We can hear from everything thanks to telephone.We can reach all relatives.Even if we are away, we hear our family's sound.Our life got easier due to telephone...

THE INVENTION OF TELEPHONE

In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph.
When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph, with its dot-and-dash Morse code, was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, Bell offered his own musical or harmonic approach as a possible practical solution. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch.By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed. Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also exploring an idea that had occurred to him that summer - that of developing a device that would transmit speech electrically.
While Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell nonetheless met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work. By June 1875 the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success they therefore needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.First Sounds - TwangOn June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell while experimenting with his technique called "harmonic telegraph" discovered he could hear sound over a wire. The sound was that of a twanging clock spring.
Bell's greatest success was achieved on March 10, 1876, marked not only the birth of the telephone but the death of the multiple telegraph as well. The communications potential contained in his demonstration of being able to "talk with electricity" far outweighed anything that simply increasing the capability of a dot-and-dash system could imply.
First Voice - Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of 10 March 1876 describes his successful experiment with the telephone. Speaking through the instrument to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, in the next room, Bell utters these famous first words, "Mr. Watson -- come here -- I want to see you."
Alexander Graham Bell - Brief BiographyBorn on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone.

Telephone is very important invention to communicate with people because it provides to connect among the peoples in every situation.Thanks to this invention we achieve lots of opportunities. Telephone is part of life for people.It is used in everywhere even in school.In the past people had diffuculties to ınform about each other or another thıng and so many people had diffuculties about many subjects.but now technology is developing and every person benefit this opportunities to communicate each other.

The invention of computer

It is sourced by many scientist because computers system is complicated.New ideas were developed in 1930s and 1940s by mostly independently eachothers and Scientists are maked first computer with calculator machine.Calculator machine founded by German Scientist Konrad Zuse.In 1935 he began to make calculator machine with his parents in Berlin.It has binary system.On the other hand USA developed this idea by related programs and IBM company developed program controlled calculator in 1939.It is very big success for IBM.This calculator used by many companies until 1944 year.Computer and electronic engineering so it developed year by year.

It is very important for communicating, commerce, security and etc.Many commericial companies uses last technological computers systems so they can approach around of world.In fact that this system brings some dangers with own.In addition, social sharing systems don't let private life for peaple and it attracts perfectly to others.